DeepMind
February 1, 2022
Otorhinolaryngology-Ophthalmology
February 1, 20221950-1961
1950: Alan Mathison Turing, an English scientist, died on June 7, 1954. Turing made significant contributions to advancing theoretical computer science by formalizing algorithms and computing principles in the Turing machine. This machine resembled a general-purpose computer model. He is also responsible for the pilot and definitive Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), the first stored-program computer. After which, the MOSIAC computer, the Bendix G-15, the Manchester computers, and many others arose. He is, for many, the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.(1,2,3)
The Turing test was initially called the imitation game. It stemmed from the concept that computational intelligent behavior should be the ability to achieve human-level performance in cognition-related tasks. Machines, according to Turing, would ultimately be able to pass this test. Furthermore, he predicted that by the year 2000, computers with 100 MB of data would be able to deceive 30% of human performers in a five-minute examination. He proposed that the term “thinking machine” be no longer incongruent by then. He also projected that machine learning would be crucial in developing efficient machines.(1,2,3,4)
1950: Alan Mathison Turing, an English scientist, died on June 7, 1954. Turing made significant contributions to advancing theoretical computer science by formalizing algorithms and computing principles in the Turing machine. This machine resembled a general-purpose computer model. He is also responsible for the pilot and definitive Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), the first stored-program computer. After which, the MOSIAC computer, the Bendix G-15, the Manchester computers, and many others arose. He is, for many, the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.(1,2,3)
The Turing test was initially called the imitation game. It stemmed from the concept that computational intelligent behavior should be the ability to achieve human-level performance in cognition-related tasks. Machines, according to Turing, would ultimately be able to pass this test. Furthermore, he predicted that by the year 2000, computers with 100 MB of data would be able to deceive 30% of human performers in a five-minute examination. He proposed that the term “thinking machine” be no longer incongruent by then. He also projected that machine learning would be crucial in developing efficient machines.(1,2,3,4)
Turing served at Britain’s codebreaking facility, Bletchley Park, with the Government Code and Cypher School (GC & CS) center. This center established ultra-intelligence information during WWII. He commanded Hut 8, the unit temporarily in charge of German naval cryptanalysis, and devised several quicker cracking methods for German ciphers, including modifications to the pre-war Polish bombe system.(5)
Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-2001) : Also known as “the father of information theory,” was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer. Shannon’s main contributions introduced computing applicability for daily activities. He also patented remarkable instruments, such as the THROBAC Roman numeral calculator, juggling machines, and a flame-throwing trumpet. His most widespread contribution is developing a method of solving the Rubik’s Cube puzzle. (6)
Shannon created the Minivac 601, a digital machine trainer, to show business people how machines work. It was first offered for sale in 1961 by the Scientific Development Corp. and Edward O. Thorp. He is also credited with developing the first wearable device. The device’s primary purpose was to help players increase their roulette chances. Shannon gave a talk titled “Programming a Computer for Chess Playing,” explaining how to configure a machine to play chess by scoring positions and selecting moves. He presented several simple methods for limiting the number of possibilities examined in a chess game. (6)
Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-2001) : Also known as “the father of information theory,” was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer. Shannon’s main contributions introduced computing applicability for daily activities. He also patented remarkable instruments, such as the THROBAC Roman numeral calculator, juggling machines, and a flame-throwing trumpet. His most widespread contribution is developing a method of solving the Rubik’s Cube puzzle. (6)
Shannon created the Minivac 601, a digital machine trainer, to show business people how machines work. It was first offered for sale in 1961 by the Scientific Development Corp. and Edward O. Thorp. He is also credited with developing the first wearable device. The device’s primary purpose was to help players increase their roulette chances. Shannon gave a talk titled “Programming a Computer for Chess Playing,” explaining how to configure a machine to play chess by scoring positions and selecting moves. He presented several simple methods for limiting the number of possibilities examined in a chess game. (6)
Isaac Asimov( 1920-1992): Was an American author and biochemistry professor at Boston University. He was well-known for his space fiction and mainstream science writings. Asimov wrote “The Robotics Laws,” a collection of laws, guidelines, or concepts meant to serve as a foundation for robots’ actions with a degree of autonomy. This level of difficulty is yet to be achieved by a robot. However, these controversial and popular laws in robotics and artificial intelligence studies have been commonly utilized in science fiction novels and films. Asimov is undeniably significant in the history of artificial intelligence, both in the science and fictional realms. Asimov first used the term “robotics” in print in his short story “Liar!” written in Astounding Science Fiction in May 1941.(7,8)
Isaac Asimov( 1920-1992): Was an American author and biochemistry professor at Boston University. He was well-known for his space fiction and mainstream science writings. Asimov wrote “The Robotics Laws,” a collection of laws, guidelines, or concepts meant to serve as a foundation for robots’ actions with a degree of autonomy. This level of difficulty is yet to be achieved by a robot.
However, these controversial and popular laws in robotics and artificial intelligence studies have been commonly utilized in science fiction novels and films. Asimov is undeniably significant in the history of artificial intelligence, both in the science and fictional realms. Asimov first used the term “robotics” in print in his short story “Liar!” written in Astounding Science Fiction in May 1941.(7,8)
References