Transfer Learning
August 1, 2022
Robots in Healthcare
August 1, 20221966-1968
Ross Quillian, a Ph.D. from the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University), was a pioneering scientist and researcher in electronics and communications throughout the 1960s. Quillian studied semantic networks in 1966. These networks are knowledge-based representations of concepts and their relationships intertwined through a computed diagram. For instance, when you think about the word “breakfast,” your brain recognizes that it is connected with other words and ideas. These may include syrup, hungry, plate, and eat, among others. Computers utilize semantic networks to process and understand these representations of words and ideas, as well as their relationships. His work on Project SYNTHEX and its semantic web are regarded as his most significant contributions to artificial intelligence. Quillian’s semantic net continues to be a critical component of AI commonly applied in natural language processing, providing computers with a required map of relational knowledge.(1,2)
Donald Michie was a brilliant British artificial intelligence researcher and founder of the University of Edinburgh’s Department of Artificial Intelligence predecessor in 1966. While working in Edinburgh, Michie and his colleagues designed and constructed a pair of robots known as Freddy I and Freddy II. These robots could eventually learn to recognize and build model toys, such as vehicles or boats, combining perception and action in a single system. He remained at the forefront of worldwide research into the subject for decades.(3)
Ross Quillian, a Ph.D. from the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University), was a pioneering scientist and researcher in electronics and communications throughout the 1960s. Quillian studied semantic networks in 1966. These networks are knowledge-based representations of concepts and their relationships intertwined through a computed diagram. For instance, when you think about the word “breakfast,” your brain recognizes that it is connected with other words and ideas.
These may include syrup, hungry, plate, and eat, among others. Computers utilize semantic networks to process and understand these representations of words and ideas, as well as their relationships. His work on Project SYNTHEX and its semantic web are regarded as his most significant contributions to artificial intelligence. Quillian’s semantic net continues to be a critical component of AI commonly applied in natural language processing, providing computers with a required map of relational knowledge.(1,2)Donald Michie was a brilliant British artificial intelligence researcher and founder of the University of Edinburgh’s Department of Artificial Intelligence predecessor in 1966. While working in Edinburgh, Michie and his colleagues designed and constructed a pair of robots known as Freddy I and Freddy II. These robots could eventually learn to recognize and build model toys, such as vehicles or boats, combining perception and action in a single system. He remained at the forefront of worldwide research into the subject for decades.(3)
Shakey, considered “the first electronic person,” was the first mobile robot to interpret commands. It was created in 1966 at Stanford Research Institute. Shakey could absorb more complex instructions and carry out the relevant activities rather than simply obeying 1-step directions. This point in time was a milestone in robotics and artificial intelligence.Due to its nature, the project integrated robotics, computer vision, and natural language processing to merge logical reasoning and physical action. This early phase was critical for digitizing data that would later serve as the foundation for AIM’s future expansion and use. In the 1960s, the National Library of Medicine developed the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System and the web-based search engine PubMed, which became a vital digital resource for the subsequent acceleration of biomedicine.(4)
Shakey, considered “the first electronic person,” was the first mobile robot to interpret commands. It was created in 1966 at Stanford Research Institute. Shakey could absorb more complex instructions and carry out the relevant activities rather than simply obeying 1-step directions. This point in time was a milestone in robotics and artificial intelligence. Due to its nature, the project integrated robotics, computer vision, and natural language processing to merge logical reasoning and physical action.
This early phase was critical for digitizing data that would later serve as the foundation for AIM’s future expansion and use. In the 1960s, the National Library of Medicine developed the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System and the web-based search engine PubMed, which became a vital digital resource for the subsequent acceleration of biomedicine.(4)
Joel Moses is an Israeli-American mathematician and computer scientist. He pioneered symbolic reasoning in solving integration issues with the Macsyma software, one of the first and most widely used general-purpose computer algebra systems. It was initially created by MIT’s Project MAC between 1968 and 1982. Macsyma was capable of solving issues involving simplification, polynomial factorization, indefinite integration, and the solution of differential equations, among others.(5)
Joel Moses is an Israeli-American mathematician and computer scientist. He pioneered symbolic reasoning in solving integration issues with the Macsyma software, one of the first and most widely used general-purpose computer algebra systems.It was initially created by MIT’s Project MAC between 1968 and 1982. Macsyma was capable of solving issues involving simplification, polynomial factorization, indefinite integration, and the solution of differential equations, among others.(5)
Richard D. Greenblatt is an American computer programmer who developed MacHack, the first chess program to play in human tournament conditions, the first to receive a chess rating, and the first to defeat a human opponent in tournament play. All these accomplishments granted him a class-C rating in tournament play. He is widely regarded as the founder of the hacker culture and maintains a prominent position in the Lisp and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Artificial Intelligence Laboratory groups.(6)
Richard D. Greenblatt is an American computer programmer who developed MacHack, the first chess program to play in human tournament conditions, the first to receive a chess rating, and the first to defeat a human opponent in tournament play. All these accomplishments granted him a class-C rating in tournament play. He is widely regarded as the founder of the hacker culture and maintains a prominent position in the Lisp and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Artificial Intelligence Laboratory groups.(6)