Jonathan Swift described the Engine in Gulliver’s Travels, Von Kempelen’s chess-playing automaton, and who was the last “universal genius”...

AI has a long history, dating back to antiquity when philosophers debated if artificial beings and other automatons existed or could exist...

From 1818 to 1859, story of Frankenstein and the concept of programmable mechanical calculating machines...

Bernard Bolzano made the first attempt to formalize semantics, and Samuel Butler suggested that Darwinian evolution also applies to machines...

From 1900 to 1930, Torres and Quevedo built a chess automaton, El Ajedrecista, the first autonomous machine capable of playing chess...

The history of AI from 1931 to 1941 focused on developing military radar and nuclear weapons during World War II...